{"id":125,"date":"2022-11-16T16:41:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-16T16:41:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/habitat.hu\/sites\/lakhatasi-jelentes-2022\/?page_id=125"},"modified":"2024-11-12T08:33:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T08:33:59","slug":"fordulopont-a-lakhatas-megfizethetosegenek-alakulasaban","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/habitat.hu\/sites\/lakhatasi-jelentes-2022\/fordulopont-a-lakhatas-megfizethetosegenek-alakulasaban\/","title":{"rendered":"Fordul\u00f3pont a lakhat\u00e1s megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek alakul\u00e1s\u00e1ban"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/i> Szerz\u0151: Csepregi D\u00f3ra Fanni (Perif\u00e9ria K\u00f6zpolitikai \u00e9s Kutat\u00f3k\u00f6zpont)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/i> A szerkeszt\u00e9s 2022. okt\u00f3ber 5-\u00e9n lez\u00e1rult.<\/p>\n

<\/i> Az al\u00e1bbiakban a fejezet kivonata olvashat\u00f3.<\/p>\n

A teljes fejezet let\u00f6lthet\u0151 itt.<\/a><\/p>\n

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Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben a lakhat\u00e1s megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9ge egyre t\u00f6bbeknek okoz neh\u00e9zs\u00e9get<\/strong>, \u00e9s ennek megfelel\u0151en egyre ink\u00e1bb a k\u00f6zbesz\u00e9d r\u00e9sz\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lik. A lak\u00e1sok megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek sz\u00e1mos, egym\u00e1ssal k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sban l\u00e9v\u0151 fokm\u00e9r\u0151je van, amelyek egy\u00fcttes\u00e9t \u00e9rdemes vizsg\u00e1lni. Ezek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik lak\u00e1sv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s \u00e9s a -b\u00e9rl\u00e9s megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9ge, a lakhat\u00e1s k\u00f6lts\u00e9geinek m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke, a h\u00e1ztart\u00e1sok elad\u00f3sodotts\u00e1ga \u00e9s energiaszeg\u00e9nys\u00e9gnek val\u00f3 kitetts\u00e9ge, a kilakoltat\u00e1sok sz\u00e1ma, valamint a mindezekre ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 lakhat\u00e1si szakpolitik\u00e1k jellemz\u0151i.<\/p>\n

A magyar korm\u00e1nyzati politika <\/strong>a rendszerv\u00e1lt\u00e1s \u00f3ta<\/a> hajlamos els\u0151sorban a fels\u0151- \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9poszt\u00e1ly lak\u00e1sv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s\u00e1t t\u00e1mogatni, m\u00edg a megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9g t\u00f6bbi aspektus\u00e1t<\/strong>, melyek ink\u00e1bb az als\u00f3bb t\u00e1rsadalmi oszt\u00e1lyokat \u00e9rintik, tov\u00e1bbra is figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyja<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A lakhat\u00e1s megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9ge ter\u00e9n 2022 nyar\u00e1n fordul\u00f3ponthoz \u00e9rkezt\u00fcnk.<\/strong> A h\u00e1ztart\u00e1sok lakhat\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9geire jelent\u0151s hat\u00e1st gyakorl\u00f3 gazdas\u00e1gi- \u00e9s energiav\u00e1ls\u00e1g<\/strong>, valamint Oroszorsz\u00e1g Ukrajna elleni h\u00e1bor\u00faja<\/strong> elh\u00faz\u00f3dni l\u00e1tszik; a hitelez\u00e9si felt\u00e9telek<\/strong> visszarendez\u0151d\u00e9se a k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben nem v\u00e1rhat\u00f3; az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151ipari \u00e1rakra<\/strong> pedig a kisz\u00e1m\u00edthatatlan \u00e9s rendk\u00edv\u00fcl gyors emelked\u00e9s jellemz\u0151. Mindemellett a koronav\u00edrus-j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny miatt elrendelt morat\u00f3rium lej\u00e1rt\u00e1val, 2022. j\u00fanius 15-t\u0151l, \u00fajra megindultak az ingatlan-\u00e1rver\u00e9sek \u00e9s a kilakoltat\u00e1sok<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A lak\u00e1sv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9ge<\/h3>\n

A lakhat\u00e1shoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s els\u0151dleges m\u00f3dja Magyarorsz\u00e1gon a lak\u00e1sv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s.<\/strong> A 2020-as adatok szerint a h\u00e1ztart\u00e1sok 86%-a rendelkezik lak\u00f3ingatlannal<\/strong>, a legalacsonyabb k\u00e9t j\u00f6vedelmi tized kiv\u00e9tel\u00e9vel pedig a t\u00f6bbi t\u00e1rsadalmi r\u00e9tegben 90% felett van a saj\u00e1t lak\u00e1sban \u00e9l\u0151k ar\u00e1nya. A mag\u00e1ntulajdon ilyen m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 dominanci\u00e1ja sz\u00e1mos okra visszavezethet\u0151, amelyeket r\u00e9szletesebben is t\u00e1rgyal a Habitat 2021. \u00e9vi Lakhat\u00e1si jelent\u00e9s\u00e9nek 30 \u00e9vet \u00e1ttekint\u0151 fejezete<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Magyarorsz\u00e1gon<\/strong> a r\u00e9gi\u00f3s \u00e9s eur\u00f3pai \u00e1tlagot tekintve is kiemelked\u0151en gyorsan dr\u00e1gultak az ingatlanok<\/strong>. M\u00edg haz\u00e1nkban, 2021-ben az el\u0151z\u0151 \u00e9v azonos id\u0151szak\u00e1hoz k\u00e9pest 5,9%-r\u00f3l 13,4%-ra emelkedett a lak\u00e1s\u00e1rak \u00e9ves n\u00f6veked\u00e9si \u00fcteme<\/strong> (re\u00e1l \u00e9rt\u00e9keket sz\u00e1molva), addig a t\u00f6bbi visegr\u00e1di orsz\u00e1g \u00e1tlaga 6%-r\u00f3l csup\u00e1n 9,6%-ra emelkedett. Ennek a dr\u00e1gul\u00e1snak vannak \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos, \u00e9s Magyarorsz\u00e1gra specifikus okai is. Az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos okok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a financializ\u00e1ci\u00f3 folyamata. Ennek egyik t\u00fcnete, hogy Magyarorsz\u00e1gon is n\u0151tt a befektet\u00e9si c\u00e9l\u00fa lak\u00e1sv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s ar\u00e1nya<\/strong> a piacon, ezzel 2020. \u00e9vi Lakhat\u00e1si jelent\u00e9s\u00fcnkben<\/a> is foglalkoztunk. Mivel a befektet\u0151k a legink\u00e1bb j\u00f6vedelmez\u0151 t\u00e9rs\u00e9gekben v\u00e1s\u00e1rolnak, ez a lak\u00e1spiac polariz\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, a ter\u00fcleti egyenl\u0151tlens\u00e9gek n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9hez, valamint a vagyoni \u00e9s j\u00f6vedelmi k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek ki\u00e9lesed\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezet.<\/p>\n

Az \u00e1remelked\u00e9s Magyarorsz\u00e1gra jellemz\u0151 specifikus okai k\u00f6z\u00fcl ki kell emelni a korm\u00e1ny lak\u00e1st\u00e1mogat\u00e1si politik\u00e1j\u00e1t. Ennek keret\u00e9ben a lak\u00e1sv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1shoz adott k\u00f6zvetlen t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sokkal, valamint t\u00e1mogatott hitelekkel<\/strong> \u2013 amelyeket jelent\u00e9s\u00fcnk K\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9s c. fejezet\u00e9ben<\/a> mutatunk be r\u00e9szletesen \u2013 az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben a korm\u00e1ny hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rult az \u00e1rak emelked\u00e9s\u00e9hez<\/strong>. Hossz\u00fa t\u00e1von gondolkod\u00f3 \u00e1llami lak\u00e1spolitik\u00e1val f\u00e9kezni lehetne a lak\u00e1s\u00e1r-emelked\u00e9st \u00e9s a befektet\u00e9si szempontok \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t a lak\u00e1spiacon. Emellett pedig a t\u00e1mogatott hitelekhez csup\u00e1n egy sz\u0171k r\u00e9teg f\u00e9r hozz\u00e1, \u00e9s \u00edgy a megfizethet\u0151bb lakhat\u00e1shoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1jut\u00e1st sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben nem seg\u00edtik.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A lak\u00e1sv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s megfizethet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t a re\u00e1lj\u00f6vedelmek \u00e9s a lak\u00e1s\u00e1rak v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00f6sszevet\u00e9s\u00e9vel<\/strong> is vizsg\u00e1lhatjuk. Az MNB adatai szerint Magyarorsz\u00e1gon 2015 \u00f3ta folyamatos n\u00f6veked\u00e9s figyelhet\u0151 meg a nomin\u00e1lis lak\u00e1s\u00e1rakat tekintve is, 2021-ben azonban ez a tendencia is rekord\u00e9rt\u00e9ket \u00e9rt el. 2021 negyedik negyed\u00e9v\u00e9ben az egy \u00e9vvel azel\u0151tti \u00e1rakhoz k\u00e9pest orsz\u00e1gosan 21,4%-kal emelkedtek a lak\u00e1s\u00e1rak<\/strong>. Ugyanez a n\u00f6veked\u00e9s 2019 \u00e9s 2020 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt m\u00e9g csak 8,9%-os volt. A nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 lak\u00e1s\u00e1r-robban\u00e1s miatt az MNB becsl\u00e9se alapj\u00e1n orsz\u00e1gos \u00e1tlagban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi cs\u00facspontra, 18%-ra emelkedett a lak\u00e1s\u00e1rak t\u00fal\u00e9rt\u00e9kelts\u00e9ge<\/strong>. Teh\u00e1t a lak\u00e1s\u00e1rak ennyivel nagyobb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben n\u00f6vekedtek, mint a h\u00e1ztart\u00e1sok rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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